Its members clashed with ethnic Somalis in February and March, resulting in the death of hundreds. Ethnic group in the Horn of Africa, which resides mainly in Ethiopia, as well as in Eritrea and Djibouti. Here in Australia, ethnic diversity is different to Ethiopia’s ethnic mosaic. Ethnicity in South Africa's political and constitutional development -- 5. The paper has four interrelated objectives. Reconciling these interests requires understanding the various debates and examining all possible options to manage diversity as recommended and practised elsewhere in the world. Ethnic Diversity and Federalism : Constitution Making in South Africa and Ethiopia ... 7 Marrying Federalism with Ethnicity: The Case of Ethiopia; 8 Conclusion and Lessons; Bibliography; Index . INTRODUCTION. along ethnic lines, and champions an ethnicized federal state with a secession option. Federalism and the Accommodation of Ethnic Diversity: The Case of Ethiopia . Further, the Charities and Societies Proclamation inhibits the ability of members of disadvantaged ethnic groups in … In addition, the same constitution underscores “education ... one of the major dimension of diversity-ethnicity/Ethnic federalism. Its new constitution created a federal system largely consisting of ethnic-based territorial units. Ethiopia's population is highly diverse with different languages and ethnic groups. In Ethiopia, for decades, diversity-related issues such as the right and equality of ethnic and religious groups have been the historic and prevalent questions of Ethiopian society. Ethiopia’s centuries-old monarchy fell in a 1974 military junta takeover, further contributing to ethnic tensions. Ethiopia‟s cultural diversity provoked resistance against the ruling elites. How ethnic violence is destabilising Ethiopia's reform gainsEthnic tension. The renewed ethnic tension is unfolding on several fronts. ...Causes of the violence. When his military regime was overthrown in 1991, a hastily organised coalition seized power in the capital.Ahmed's options. Despite Ethiopians' optimism, the simple answer is no. ... Ethiopia is easily one of the most fascinating countries in Africa to visit due to the extremely dramatic landscapes and incredible cultural diversity. inter-ethnic relations, taking the Guji-Gedeo relations in Southern Ethiopia as a case study. Each group feels it’s under perpetual attack and is fighting against one another, when in fact it should be fighting for one another. The largest ethnic community, the Oromo, constitute just over a third of the population. In this study, I agued that with the politicisation of ethnicity in the country’s political scene, related issues s uch as the right and equality of ethnic and religious groups have been the historic and prevalent questions. 1, Addis Ababa Suggesting new ways in which federalism might work, the author identifies key institutions lessons which will help to build an all-inclusive society. The country’s renaissance was propelled when it introduced the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) in 2010. 1/1995, Federal Nagarit Gazeta No. It openly recognized ethnic diversity and restructured the state predominantly along ethno-linguistic lines. To date, federalism has only been nominally practised in Ethiopia. Ethiopia is a mosaic of about 100 languages that can be classified into four groups. Ethnic Diversity in Ethiopia Afar. Ethiopia Regional Map (UN OCHA) Targeted attacks against the Amhara ethnic group have increased since last summer, displacing 800,000 and killing an estimated 2,000, according to … In Ethiopi a, for decades, diversity -. - The book examines how institutions of multi-ethnic states have been designed to accommodate ethnic diversity and maintain national unity. It discusses the ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity, which are significant distinguishing features of the country. However, the war between Ethiopia and Eritrea from 1998-2000 demonstrated that secession is not a panacea for ethnic disputes. Therefore, the purpose from the very beginning was to recognize and provide full right all citizens in this regard. Other ethnic groups in Ethiopia, and their population sizes therein, include the Sidana (3,978,633), the Gurage (2,306,539), the Welyata (2,257,874), the Afar (1,720,759), the Hadiya (1,710,812), and the Gamo (1,482,041), while other groups have 12,532,693 residents in the country collectively. Today, federal political systems are increasingly used by states with a multi-ethnic population as a mechanism to accommodate the demands of their ethnic groups as well as to protect their territorial integrity. The rise in violent ethnic conflict in Ethiopia in recent years can largely be linked to the sharp increase in militant ethnic nationalism against a backdrop of state and party fragility. Accommodating this diversity to guarantee stability and state integrity was the major rationale behind Ethiopia shares, with most countries in the world, the trait of having an ethnically diverse population. In 1995, Ethiopia became formally a federal state where power was decentralized to the ethno- linguistic groups in an attempt to reconcile national unity with diversity. Ethiopia's population is highly diverse, containing over 80 different ethnic groups. Most people in Ethiopia speak Afro-Asiatic languages, mainly of the Cushitic and Semitic branches. The former includes the Oromo and Somali, and the latter includes the Amhara and Tigray. Together these four groups make up three-quarters of the population. In the past ten years, Ethiopia’s GDP’s growth rate has been an average of 10%. The Oromo, Amhara, Somali and Tigrayans make up more than three-quarters (75%) of the population, but there are more than 80 different ethnic groups within Ethiopia. Diversity is a fact of life in the Ethiopian society. As an exception to the general pattern in Africa, it is a worthy case study. The Oromo, Amhara, Somali and Tigrayans make up more than three-quarters (75%) of the population, but there are more than 80 different ethnic groups within Ethiopia. 4/ The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. What is diversity in Ethiopia? Second, it provides an overview of ethnic diversity in Ethiopia. Most … Most of its people speak an Ethiosemitic or Cushitic language which are both part of the Afroasiatic language family, while others speak Nilo-Saharan languages. These officials have instead most of the time been appointed through informal channels by the EPRDF lead… Since the constitution was established in 1995, the ruling Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) has maintained power through autocratic means. Ethnic Politics vs. Comparative case studies of South Africa and Ethiopia as the two federal systems provide a contrasting approach to issues of ethnic diversity. 3/ Maru, Mehari Taddele (2004) Migration, ethnic Diversity and Federalism in Ethiopia. The violence erupted again in September, when more than 30 people were killed in the town of Awaday. 21 December, 2019. by Semir Yusuf. Introduction. Ethnic-related issues have been a constant, prevalent issue of Ethiopian society. Ethiopia, with its diversity of culture and fast economic growth, is one of the strongly driven countries in Africa. Assefa A. Lemu 3-29-19. In 1991 Ethiopia established an ethnic federal system that gave full recognition to ethnic autonomy, while maintaining the unity of the state. Most are Oromo, Ethiopia’s largest ethnic group. Ethiopia’s politics is overwhelmed by bitterness and rancor. ethnic slur and an affront to their cultural heritage. Towards the recognition of ethnic diversity -- 3. The varied climate of Ethiopia influences the dressing styles of its people. ISS: Drivers of ethnic conflict in contemporary Ethiopia. December 21, 2019. by Semir Yusuf. The rise in violent ethnic conflict in Ethiopia in recent years can largely be linked to the sharp increase in militant ethnic nationalism against a backdrop of state and party fragility. Decades of exclusivist political arrangements have contributed to a steady rise in ethnic consciousness, with the state and ruling party becoming increasingly incoherent. The vast majority of languages belong to the Semitic, Cushitic, or … Republic of Ethiopia-hereafter FDRE, 1995, Article 91). Ethiopians in the nine regional states have never had the privilege of electing their own governors. In … As a young immigrant nation, Australia has built its industrial strength on contributions from an ethnically and culturally diverse society. The rise in violent ethnic conflict in Ethiopia in recent years can largely be linked to the sharp increase in militant ethnic nationalism against a backdrop of state and party fragility. Cognizant of this, the current regime introduced an ethnic-based federal system to accommodate diversity and to improve equality among the different ethnic groups. Ethiopia is a composite of more than 70 ethnic groups. The Oromo (Galla) group represents approximately 40% of the population and is concentrated primarily in the southern half of the nation. The Amhara and Tigrean groups constitute approximately 32% of the population and have traditionally been dominant politically. The methodology used in developing this article is a review of the literature on religion and social cohesion in Ethiopia and a limited number of structured interviews with a few scholars on diversity management in Ethiopia. Moreover, the Government of Ethiopia has targeted prominent Oromo cultural figures for persecution. Ethiopia is a diverse country made up of a federation of groups including ethnic, linguistic, religious, and regional minorities. There are more than 80 different ethnic groups in Ethiopia, some of which have articulated claims for autonomy and secession. Two movements in particular, the … Some of these have as few as 10,000 members. Clothing In Ethiopia. Based on this premise, one could ... important for Ethiopia to implement multi-ethnic and multicultural education at all levels of education to make education accessible to its people in a fair way. Some of these have as few as 10,000 members. There are more that eighty ethnic groups in Ethiopia. The second is the multi-ethnic nation narrative, where (similar to South Africa) Ethiopia is construed as a multi-ethnic nation that accommodates and embraces its cultural diversity. Comparative case studies of South Africa and Ethiopia as the two federal systems provide a contrasting approach to issues of ethnic diversity. Unpublished dissertation, university of Oxford, refugee studies Centre, Queen Elizabeth House. Citizenship Politics in Ethiopia. First, it situates the Ethiopian case in comparative perspective. The constitution aspires to achieve ethnic autonomy and equality while maintaining the state. For the last few years, many people worry about the growing ethnic pandemic of polarization. Ethiopia’s contending political forces have suggested diverse and contradictory policies to manage ethnic division in the country. Ethiopia is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world. For a multicultural country like Ethiopia, therefore, where multiple ethnic groups want to keep their language, culture, and identity, federalism is often the best available form of government. Unity in Diversity: Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s population is highly diverse with different languages and ethnic groups. in order to make ethnic diversity safe for Ethiopia, it is incumbent on all concerned political forces to have serious conversations about what ought to be the terms of our coexistence; about what ought to be the nature of the institutions and norms that should be brought into existence in a bid to helping us preempt the most egregious consequences of that coexistence.
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